The aim of the present study involved the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Galiclazide, with objective of avoiding first pass metabolism and to improve its bioavailability with reduction in dosing frequency. Mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Gliclazide were prepared by direct compression method. The mucoadhesive polymers used in the formulation were carbopol 940, HPMC K15 LV, sodium alginate, guar gum in different ratios. The compatibility study by FTIR confirmed that mucoadhesive polymers were compatible with the drug. The results of pre-compression and post-compression parameter of all the formulated tablets were shown satisfactory results which complies with official limits. The comparative in-vitro study of the optimized formulation H4 showed better sustained release 71.70 % than the other formulation. Among the formulations the combination of HPMC K15 LV and Carbopol-940 has shown optimum bioadhesive strength. Formulation H4 showed maximum percentage of swelling index 193.66 after 8 hrs. The accelerated stability of the optimized formulation was studied and no significant changes were detected inhardness, % of drug content, surface pH, bioadhesive strength and percentage of drug release. The in-vitro release kinetics studies revealed that all formulations fit well with Peppas model kinetics and followed Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.

Oral route has always been preferred route for formulators and has dominated over other routes of administrations. But major problem encountered in oral formulations, is low bioavailability, giving rise to further problems like, high inter and intra subject variability, lack of dose uniformity and finally leading to therapeutic failure. Approximately 40% of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility and present a major challenge to modern drug delivery system, because of their low bioavailability.Particularly for BCS class II substances, thebioavailability may be enhanced by increasing the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug in thegastro-intestinal fluids. The newer and novel technologies developed in recent year for troubleshooting such above problems. This review article gives a complete overview of SMEDDS as a capable approach to effectively capture the problem of poorly soluble molecules and give the novel approaches for evaluation of the SMEDDS.

The aim of the present study was to enhance the dissolution of a practically insoluble Meloxicam by liquisolid compact technique. Liquisolid compact is one of the most promising and new techniques, which promotes dissolution rate of water-insoluble drugs. Orodispersible liquisolid compact of Meloxicam were prepared by direct compression method using PEG 600, MCC and silica gel as non-volatile solvent, carrier, coating material respectively and Banana powder as natural superdisintegrants in different concentration 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg respectively. The liquisolid compact were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, DSC and FT-IR respectively. Orodispersible liquisolid compacts of Meloxicam tablets (F4) containing banana powder exhibit quick disintegration time and maximum drug release.

Through this article adescription about  the indications forperforming PFTs, contraindications and an overview about commonly done pulmonary function tests have been provided. Pulmonary function tests are valuable investigations inthe management of patients with suspected or previouslydiagnosed respiratory disease. They aid diagnosis,help monitor response to treatment and can guidedecisions regarding further treatment and intervention.These tests are important in the initial evaluation of respiratory disorders and help in planning therapy as well as predicting prognosis with a reasonable accuracy. Normal values of these tests differ from population to population and with difference in methods and apparatus used. This article describes the working principles of major tests including spirometry, peak flowmetry,body plethysmography, arterial blood gases measurement, and ergospirometry.

Through this article a brief explanation about basic volumes and capacities, average lung volumes in healthy adults, lung capacities in healthy adults has been provided. An overview of Lung volumes, its measurements and the basic instrumentation involved in it is been explained.  The term ‘‘lung volume’’ usually refers to the volume of gas within the lungs, as measured by body plethysmography, gas dilution or washout. Gas volumes associated with the respiratory process are the main target of investigation; the principal instruments that have been used so far in the clinical routine and in research activity includes  spirometer, Turbine meter, Impedance plethysmograph (strain gage plethysmograph) or of inductance (inductance plethysmograph) Total body plethysmograph.