The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluation matrix type of transdermal patches containing Diltiazem hydrochloride by solvent evaporation method by using tree different polymer ratio. Aluminium foil cup technique was used as a substrate. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as plasticizer. The physicochemical parameter like thickness, weight variation, % moisture loss, % moisture uptake, folding endurance, flatness, drug content were evaluated. In vitro drug release study was carried out by using Franz diffusion cell. Cumulative drug released in 24 hrs from the six formulations were 79.54, 70.81, 68.46, 78.10, 75.89 and 66.45% respectively. On the basis of in vitro drug release performance, formulation P1 was fond to be better than other formulations and it was selected as the optimized formulation.

Improvement in the nanotechnology brings revolutionary changes and helps in preparing a novel formulations. The Preparation of proniosomes is one of the new progression in nanotechnology. The proniosomes minimize the problems over the niosomes in terms of its physical stability such as aggregation, fusion and leaking. The proniosomes derived niosomes are better than conventional niosomes in terms of their morphology, particle size, particle size distribution, and drug release. A slurry method was commonly used to produce proniosomes using (maltodetrin, sorbital, mannital.) as a carreir The time required to produce proniosomes by this simple method is independent of the ratio of surfactant solution to carrier material The encapsulation efficiency of proniosomes is depends upon the amount of carrier used in the process. The present review describes the classification, method of preparation and applications of proniosomes as a potential drug delivery system.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and blood groups in local population of Saudi Arabia. The present cross-sectional study analyzed ABO blood groups and lipid profile of 187 subjects in the age group between 36 and 62 years, attending a primary health care center in Makkah city for common illnesses. ABO blood groups were determined by slide agglutination method and serum lipid profile was measured after 10-12 hours fasting, using chemistry auto-analyzer. The study reveals that there is no significant correlation between blood groups and serum lipid profiles among participants, although highest number of subjects with blood group AB showed abnormal levels of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. We suggest that individuals with blood group AB may be more predisposed to cardiovascular diseases and therefore, blood group screening may play an important role in identifying individuals at higher risk.

Background and purpose: Quality and quantity of medicinal plants has been interested. Sustainable agriculture has been concerned in use of common chemical fertilizers. Thus, use of new fertilizers may be suitable replacements for chemical fertilizers. Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the effect of nano urea and nono iron fertilizers with common chemical fertilizers on some growth traits and essential oil yield of Borago officinalis L. Methods: The experiment was based on a randomized block completely design in a split plot arrangement. Different levels of fertilizers were considered as main factor as follows; iron sulfate, nano iron 10%, urea and nano urea. Distribution form was considered as secondary factor as follows; foliar application, soil application and foliar+ soil application. The number of seed, plant height, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts and essential oil production were measured at flowering stages. Results: Urea fertilizer could significantly improve growth traits in terms of dry and fresh weights and also plant height. Nano iron fertilizer could significantly increase plant height and number of seed in plants. Nano urea interestingly increased essential oil production. Conclusion: Nano iron fertilizer can be suggested as increasing the number of seed for borage without negative effects on plants and environment.

This study was performed to investigate the analgesic activity of aqueous extraction of the seeds of Coriandrum Sativum and the seeds of Nelumbo Nucifera in rats using the Eddy’s hot plate method. The extract was administered orally in two different doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg were able to decrease the analgesic activity in rats. This effect was comparable to that of the paracetamol (10mg/kg p.o.). These results indicate that polyherbal formulation is an effective analgesic agent.