Transferosomes serve as carriers for a targeted transdermal drug delivery system, constituting a specialized class of liposomes characterized by the presence of phosphatidylcholine and an edge activator. This innovative system capitalizes on phospholipid vesicles as carriers for transdermal drug delivery, effectively permeating the stratum corneum through either the intracellular or transcellular route, facilitated by the creation of an "osmotic gradient". Notable advantages of Transferosomes include a broad spectrum of solubilities, enhanced penetration capabilities, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, it is essential to acknowledge certain drawbacks such as susceptibility to oxidative degradation and higher production costs. The formulation of transferosomes involves employing the conventional rotary evaporation sonication method, incorporating phospholipids, surfactants and the desired drug. Evaluation parameters encompass vesicle size distribution, zeta potential, vesicle morphology, number of vesicles per cubic millimeter, entrapment efficiency, drug content, turbidity measurement, degree of deformability or permeability, penetration ability, occlusion effect, surface charge and charge density, in-vitro drug release, in-vitro skin permeation studies and physical stability. Transferosomes exhibit versatile applications, including controlled release, transport of high molecular weight compounds, targeted delivery to peripheral subcutaneous tissues and transdermal immunization.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and medicine are revolutionizing the healthcare industry, with immediate practical implications that are already transforming the field. AI's ability to analyze large datasets and produce data-driven predictions is improving medical diagnosis, therapy and patient care. AI-powered diagnostic tools improve the precision of disease detection and AI facilitates personalized therapy selection and expedites the discovery of new medications. Remote patient monitoring and virtual health assistants enhance patient treatment. Predictive analytics enables the forecasting of disease outbreaks and the optimization of healthcare resources. However, there are ethical and legal considerations to make, like accountability, data privacy and fairness. As AI advances, it has the potential to greatly improve healthcare; nevertheless, for medical practice to remain creative, ethical and compassionate in the future, proper integration is required.
Shashikant Singh*, Navneet Kumar Verma, Uma Srivastava, Ankur Srivastava.
The goal of this thorough review is to investigate the potential applications of nasopulmonary drug delivery devices for nasal drug administration in the future. Due to its many benefits, including as quick absorption, avoiding first-pass metabolism and non-invasive administration, nasal medication delivery has drawn a lot of attention. An introduction of nasal anatomy and physiology is given in this review, along with a discussion of the variables affecting drug absorption and bioavailability. It also goes over the several kinds of nasopulmonary medication delivery systems, including gels, powders, and sprays, and their benefits and drawbacks. The paper also explores the difficulties in nasal drug delivery, such as problems with mucociliary clearance, nasal discomfort, and formulation. There is also discussion of the possible uses of nasopulmonary drug delivery devices in the management of a number of illnesses, including allergies, respiratory issues and systemic problems. The analysis culminates with a future viewpoint on nasopulmonary drug delivery systems, highlighting the necessity for additional research and development to maximize their safety and efficacy.