Aromatherapy, a holistic healing practice that utilizes essential oils derived from plants, has been gaining attention for its potential benefits in addressing mental health issues. This practice is based on the premise that aromatic compounds can influence both psychological and physical well-being. Various studies indicate that certain essential oils may help alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress, promoting an overall sense of calm and emotional balance. The mechanisms through which aromatherapy exerts its effects are believed to involve the olfactory system and the limbic system, the latter being crucial in regulating emotions and mood. Oils such as lavender, chamomile and bergamot, among others, have been highlighted for their potential anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. Clinical trials and anecdotal evidence suggest that incorporating aromatherapy into mental health treatment plans can enhance traditional interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy. However, while the efficacy of aromatherapy is supported by a growing body of research, it is essential to approach its use with a critical eye. The variability in individual responses to essential oils and the need for further studies to establish standardized protocols underscore the importance of professional guidance in integrating aromatherapy into mental health care. In conclusion, aromatherapy presents a valuable complement to conventional mental health treatments, offering a natural pathway for enhancing emotional well-being. Continued exploration into its benefits and applications could lead to more comprehensive mental health strategies in the future.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is responsible for approximately one million deaths globally each year. Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, with the most common causative agents being one of the five hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D and E. Among these, the Hepatitis B virus is the most prevalent and severe liver infection worldwide. HBV is highly contagious-50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HBV infection in the study area, assess its association with socio-demographic factors and identify existing control measures among an apparently healthy population attending two General Hospitals in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months from January to June 2021. A total of 475 participants, including healthcare workers, were randomly selected from Sabon Tasha and Idon General Hospitals. Data were collected using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires alongside serological testing. Participants ranged in age from 15 to 44 years, with a higher proportion of females than males. The overall HBV seroprevalence was 18.8% in Sabon Tasha and 22% in Idon. A statistically significant association was observed between HBV prevalence and age in both hospitals (p-values: 0.006 and 0.018, respectively; 95% CI = 0.05). The study also revealed poor adherence to infection control practices, including low use of retractable syringes and incomplete HBV vaccination among healthcare workers. These lapses are particularly concerning, as healthcare workers are pivotal in disease prevention and public education. The findings underscore the urgent need for a universal HBV vaccination policy targeting all healthcare workers. Additionally, further studies are recommended to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices related to HBV among both health professionals and the general population across healthcare facilities in Kaduna State.