Asian papaya fruit fly, Bactrocera papayae Drew and Hancock and carambola fruit fly, Bactrocera carambolae Drew and Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) are serious agricultural pests which attack a wide range of fruits and vegetables. The insecticide toxicity of cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole to the adult (male and female) of these two Bactrocera species was observed in the laboratory reared populations. The LC50 (ppm) values of cypermethrin were 2.40, 2.02 and 1.48 ppm for male of B. papayae and 3.20, 2.58 and 2.14 ppm for male of B. carambolae; at 24h, 48h and 72h of post-treatment, respectively. It was found that the LC50 (ppm) values of cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole for females of B. papayae and B. carambolae were slightly higher than that of males at 24h, 48h and 72h of post-treatment. Cypermethrin was more toxic than chlorantraniliprole to both species. Results showed that the LC50 (ppm) values for both sexes were 3-4 times higher for chlorantraniliprole than that of cypermethrin. This suggests that both Bactrocera species have moderately developed resistant to chlorantraniliprole as compared to cypermethrin. In conclusion, cypermethrin seems to be a better chemical to be used for control of these fruit fly species than that of chlorantraniliprole but with caution.

The use of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity and other diseases have been observed to be promising remedies since ancient time in Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Arabic, and Unani medicine. The plants have traditionally furnish a source of hope for novel drug compounds, as plant herbal mixtures have made large endowment to human health and well-being. The use of plant extracts with known antimicrobial properties can be of appreciable significance for therapeutic treatment. Presently, the research has been initiated to study the antibacterial activity of chloroform, and methanol extracts of Andrographis paniculata to emphasize the potential of herbal components in the field of medical science to kill various dreadful pathogens. The agar well diffusion method was followed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf and stem extracts of A. paniculata against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus, Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia and E. coli. The result revealed that all the doses of both extracts of A. paniculata potentially inhibited the growth of all the pathogens tested. Hence, the present investigation evaluates the potential anti-bacterial activity of methanol extract of leaf and stem extract of A. paniculata.

Medicinal plants and natural products have attracted global attention due to their safety as well as their considerable antioxidant content that helps to prevent or ameliorate various disorders including memory impairments. The phenolic compound in fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antigenotoxic and anticancer activities. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Beta vulgaris root extract using Fenton reaction. The dried root of Beta vulgaris was extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet extractor. The total phenolics content of leaf as determined by Fenton reaction and was found to be good antioxidant activity as different dose concentrations. The antioxidant activity of plant extract was carried out with ascorbic acid as a standard reducing agent. The present results were made with the use of UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. In this plant Beta vulgaris Extract there was a remarkable concentration dependent free radical scavenging and reducing power was exhibited. In conclusion the present study indicates that Beta vulgaris root extract may be a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Myristica fragrans Houtt is mostly cultivated for spices in most of Asian regions as well as Penang Island, Malaysia. It is also used in food preparations for its aromatic flavor. This study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydro methanolic Myristica fragrans seed extract tested against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus frimicutes, Escherichia coli, Entrobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the antimicrobial of Myristica fragrans Linn inhibit the growth of microorganism’s as dose dependently manner. The appear results confirm that the antibacterial activity of Myristica fragrans seed extract in present test system. It is concluded that this plant can be indispensible source for secondary metabolites.

The pharmaceutical industry has produced a large number of new antibiotics over the last three decades, but resistance to these antibiotics by microorganisms has increased. The WHO estimates that medicinal plants are the primary medicine for 2/3 of the world’s population. Today the recent studies focus on plant research all over the world to extract appropriate and efficient antimicrobial drugs. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn.) is an annual herb which has widely been consumed throughout the world as a food, a food additive and in the traditional remedies science civilizations. This study was aimed preliminary to investigate in vitro antimicrobial activity of fenugreek seeds against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as Gram positive bacteria; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus frimicutes and Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Entrobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli. Using hydro methanol extraction. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated using agar disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the antimicrobial of Trigonella foenumgraecum Linn inhibit the growth of microorganism’s as dose dependently manner. The appear results confirm that the antibacterial activity of Trigonella foenumgraecum seed extract in present test system.