The medicinal plants study indicates the traditional knowledge of present days that are useful in curing various diseases from ancient days. The present study includes the normally available various vegetable and fruit species in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethno medicinal uses of 30 plant species along with botanical name, vernacular name, family, plant parts and disease are presented. They belong to 36 genera and 26 families. These plants used to cure 30 types of ailments. Most of the remedies were reported to have been from herb and trees species. High number of medicinal plant species obtainable for the treatment of dysentery, skin disease and fever etc.

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate sumatriptan floating drug delivery system. The floating tablets of Sumatriptan were prepared by using HPMC K15M, HPMCE15LV, Carbopol 940 polymers. The precompression and post compression evaluation were performed as per pharmacopoeial standards. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Dissolution measurements were carried out in a (USP) dissolution testing apparatus II. Compatibility study was performed by FTIR. The compatibility study of the prepared Sumatriptan floating tablets confirms that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers used. The cumulative drug release was performed in order of kinetics. The drug release kinetics was observed by Non- fickian diffusion mechanism. The floating lag time were found to be significantly increased with the increasing concentration of the polymers. When compared to the other formulation depends on dissolution profile HPMCE15 was shows better effect. The release kinetic data implies that the release mechanism of all the formulations was Non- fickian. It may be used to extended period of drug release for at least 12h, that’s way improving the bioavaibility and patient compliance.

A accurate and precise RP-HPLC method has been developed for the validated of Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir in bulk and combined Tablet dosage form. Separation was carried out on a Primesil C18 (4.6 x 250mm, 5µm) column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: 0.1%perchloricacid (50:50 v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, The detection was carried out at 262 nm. The retention time of the Sofosbuvir and Velpatasvir 4.25, 6.05 min respectively. The method produce linear responses in the concentration range of 25-150 µg/mL for Velpatasvir, and 100-600µg/ml of Sofosbuvir. The method precision for the determination of assay was below 2.0%RSD. The method is useful in the quality control of bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.

The present investigation was to formulate controlled release of muco adhesive tablets of clarithromycin followed by it’s evaluation studies. The tablets were formulated by using clarithromycin as drug, used for the treatment of H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer. The natural polysaccharides like, Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide (TSP), obtained from Tamarindus indica and chitosan were used as polymer material for controlled drug release. The formulated tablets of such different polymer were compared for different evaluation studies. The pre formulation studies were performed by using FTIR, DSC studies. The tablets were evaluated for in-process,in-vitro studies. The Gastric bioadhesive strength of tablets and polymers were comparatively determined by ex-vivo methods. The selected formulation were subjected to stability studies, the study concluded that Tamarind polysaccharide loaded tablets are more adhesive than chitosan loaded tablets. TSP is the best natural polymer for mucoadhesive due to biodegradability and controlled release mechanism.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection are associated with high morbidity and mortality around the globe. Co-infection is a state in which an individual is infected with both HIV and HBV. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection among patients attending Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital Maiduguri, Nigeria using an immunochromatographic test. Out of hundred patients tested, only 14 (14.0%) were positive. The distribution of the HBV and HIV co-infection based on gender showed that the male had a high prevalence of 7 (20.5%) as compared to their female counterpart 7 (10.6%). Age group between 51-60years had the highest prevalence of 1 (25.0%) as compared to other age groups. Also, patients with tribal marks had the highest prevalence of 11 (23.0%) as compared to those without tribal marks 3 (5.60%), with a strong correlation between the tribal marks and the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection (P-Value= 0.013). Therefore, there is a need to screen and vaccine, HIV patients for HBV prior to the commencement of antiretroviral therapy.

The present study carried out to find out the pharmacognostical parameters for the tuberous roots of the plant Cyanotis tuberosa (Commelinaceae). Traditionally the root is used in long-continued fevers and also worms in cattle and diabetes12-15. An attempt has been made for proper identification of this folk herb for obtaining its complete therapeutic effects. In this context the morphoanatomy of tuberous roots along with, microscopic linear measurements, WHO recommended physico-chemical determinations and authentic phytochemical procedures, are the important diagnostic characters have been carried out to aid the complete pharmacognostical evaluation of the plant. The parameters reported in this paper may be proposed as the referential standards to establish the authenticity of Cyanotis tuberosa. This study also helps in differentiation of this drug from its other species.