The Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Solanum nigrum were tested for anthelmintic activity using Indian earth worms (Pheretima posthuma). In this study, the time taken for paralysis and death was observed in all experimental groups and albendazole is used as standard drug, the result showed that, ethanol and water extracts exhibit significant anthelmintic activity comparable to the standard drug where as Petroleum ether and Chloroform extracts shows less significant activity when compared with standard drug. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical investigations were also performed on the leaves of Solanum nigrum.

The present study describes a simple reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of Clonazepam and his decomposition products present in pharmaceutical dosage form. A Superspher 60 RP-Select B, (250 × 4.0 mm, packed with 5μ) is used as stationary phase. An isocratic mode with mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (KH₂PO₄) (0.05M) in ratio of (14:40:46, v/v/v) (pH* 4.1) at a flow rate of 0.9 ml/min and effluent was monitored at 242 nm. Chromatogram showed a peak of Clonazepam at retention time of 4.96 ± 0.1 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation, limit of detection and robustness. Results indicated an excellent linearity for all the analytes over their respective concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r ²) ≥0.999. The recovery ranged from 98.4% to 101.3% indicating a high degree of the method's accuracy. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for estimation of Clonazepam was found to be 0.73μg/ml and 2.43μg/ml, respectively. For both intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 1.6% (R.S.D.). This showed that proposed method is rapid, simple, precise, linear, robust, and accurate which is useful and economic for routine analysis of Clonazepam in pharmaceutical dosage forms. 

Endophytes - Microbes that colonize living internal tissues of plants without causing any immediate, overt negative effect. The phrase Bioprospecting is today most frequently used to describe the collection and screening of biological material for commercial purpose. Natural products have been the traditional path finder compounds offering an untold diversity of chemical structures. Endophytic bacteria could be better protected from biotic and abiotic stresses than rhizosphere bacteria. Further most the discovery of plethora of microbes for application that span a broad spectrum of utility in medicine, agriculture and industry is now practical. The growth stimulation of host plant by the endophytic microbes can be a consequence of nitrogen fixation or the production of phytohormones, biocontrol of phytopathogens in the root zone or by enhancing availability of nutrients and minerals. In this present study we collected roots, stems and leaf samples of mangrove, banana and sugarcane plants in sterile cover from pichavaram and Annamalai university, agriculture faculty trial field, Chidambaram. Samples transferred to lab and processed immediately after surface sterilization by standard procedure. Isolation and purification of endophytic bacteria was done by using starch casein agar with antibiotics to inhibit the growth of fungi. Totally 41 isolates were obtained from all the samples, 24 from mangrove, 7 from banana and 10 from sugarcane. All the isolates were taken to test the PGPR activity. We have done PGPR activity test viz., phosphate solubilisation, silicate solubilisation, starch hydrolysis, salt tolerance on growth, growth on NFB medium (N2 fixation), and antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria.  Most of the isolates show good biological activity. Based on the results 4 isolate from mangrove, 3 isolate from sugarcane and 2 isolate from banana was selected as potential for PGPR activity. Those potential isolates were taken for future work.

Oral drug delivery is the most preferable route of drug administration due to ease of administration, patient compliance, flexibility in formulation etc.Howeverthe oral cavity is an attractive site for drug delivery due to ease of administration and avoids possible drug degradation in the gastrointestinal tract as well as first pass hepatic metabolism. This is due to direct access of the drug into the systemic circulation through the internal jugular vein bypasses drugs from the hepatic first pass metabolism leading to higher bioavailability. This type of delivery is painless and without discomfort, precise dosage form and facilitates ease of removal without significant associated pain. Moreover it shows better stability, patient compliance; uniform and sustained drug release and above all easy and cheap methods of preparation which can be done with various commonly available biocompatible polymers.This article explains the anatomy of oral mucosa, mechanism of drug permeation, theories of mucoadhesion, design and characterization of buccal dosage forms.

The sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonousplant that belongs to the family convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous rootsare a root vegetable^.Literature survey on the plant showed that leaves have a high content of polyphenolics - anthocyanins and phenolic acids, with at least 15 biologically active anthocyanins with medicinal value. The aim of the present study is to prepare the aqueous extract of Ipomoea batatas and to evaluate invitro anti-inflammatory activity by membrane stabilizing method. Phytochemical analyses ofIBAE showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones, and reducing sugars. It has been shown that the anti-inflammatory activity is may be because of phenols and flavonoids. The aqueous extract, IBAE has shown significant membrane stabilization at 200mg/ml indicated by the reduced absorbance.