Diabetes mellitus is metabolic disorder in which blood glucose level decrease. Due to this disease various complications are arises including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy. Diabetes mellitus is chronic condition includes type 1 DM, type 2 DM and gestatational diabetes, which occurs in pregnancy. For management of DM various system of medicine are used, from that herbal or traditional medicine are used for many cases as a core medicine or supplementary to allopathic medicine. Frequency of occurrence of type 2 DM is high than type 1 DM. Different type plant or herbal extract are used for management of DM includes, Ocimum sanctum, Allium stivum, Eugenia jambolana, Abelmoschus esculentus, Allium cepa, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, pterocarpus marsupium etc. Many plants are use as single herb extract for treatment or used in combination with other anti-diabetic plants as a poly herbal formulation.

Advancement in drug delivery systems with different techniques have developed which controlled the rate of drug delivery, sustaining the duration of therapeutic activity and targeting the delivery of a drug to a cell/tissue. Niosomesare multilamellar or unilamellar vesicles capable of entrapping hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes either in the aqueous layer or in vesicular membrane made of lipid materials. They are osmotically active, stable, biodegradable, biocompatible and non-immunogenic. Niosomes of Hesperidin were prepared by hand shaking method and ether injection method using cholesterol and various ratios of Span 80. The newly prepared Niosomes were evaluated for morphology, vesicle size determination, and percentage of drug encapsulation, drug leakage studies from vesicles, osmotic shock and in vitro release profile and came to conclusion to the point that Niosomes enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of Hesperidin, producing prolonged activity and simultaneously minimizing the side effects.

The present study is the continuation of a program aimed at investigation of antimicrobial properties of Acacia arabica extract to justify the traditional claim endowed upon this herbal drug as a rasayana in Ayurveda. The antimicrobial activity of Acacia arabica was evaluated according to the disk diffusion method by using Gram positive; B. subtilius, S. aureus and S. epidermidis and Gram Negative; E. coli S. flexineri, P. aeruginosa bacteria. This study show that methanolic fruits extract of Acacia arabica Linn inhibits the growth of microorganism dose dependently. These results confirm the antibacterial activity of Acacia arabica leaves and support the traditional use of the plant in therapy of bacterial infection. This finding suggested the presence of antibacterial activity in the tested plant material, exhibited by its bioactive compounds, and serving them as an alternative antimicrobial agent.

Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst) Mabb of santalaceae family is a small tree of evergreen sandy soil forests of different parts of the world. It is common to Peninsular India, Western Ghats, South and Central Sahyadris and divine forests of coastal Kerala. Traditionally Scleropyrum is important in different biological activities. Tribes of different region in the world are exploring the benefit. This study explains the anthelmintic activity of the bark of the Scleropyrum pentandrum. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts were tested for the anthelmintic activity. Continuous study for the isolation and elucidation of medicinally active components of Scleropyrum pentandrum is needed. Also necessary studies are needed to evaluate each compound for its pharmacological identities.

Insect’s life is seriously influenced by various abiotic stress factors including radiation. The tephritid fruit flies under Bactrocera genus are a group of severe agricultural pest, attack wide range of fruits and vegetables in tropical and subtropical regions of the world causing direct and indirect economic lose. Study has been carried out to evaluate the comparative influence of the irradiation on four Bactrocera species under laboratory condition for their fruitful application in Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). Six days old pupae of Bactrocera cucurbitae, B. tau, B. zonata and B. dorsalis were exposed to 60Co gamma radiation at 3.5 Kr and observe the susceptibility of radiation dose on pupal period, adult emergence rate, male-female percentages, sex ratio and longevity upto 45 days. Pupal period of B. cucurbitae (F1,8 = 12.00, P = 0.009) and B. dorsalis (F1,8 = 5.33, P = 0.050) significantly affected by radiation. Adult emergence percentages were 90%, 85%, 75% and 76% for B. cucurbitae, B. tau, B. zonata and B. dorsalis respectively where equal percentage of male emerged from radiated and control group in B. cucurbitae. Sex ratio was not remarkably affected by radiation on the four Bactrocera species. About equal percentages of male and female of B. cucurbitae (92%) and B. dorsalis (72%) lived upto six weeks. Longevity of female flies was not significantly affected by radiation in case of B. cucurbitae, B. tau and B. dorsalis but in B. zonata the result was significant. Present study made a comparison of radiation effect on different Bactrocera species that will helpful to apply them in sterile insect technique application.