Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder which makes the scalp patchy. 2% of the people is affected by AA. Beside stress and viral infections, Thyroid autoimmune disorder. Psychological, developmental and evolutionary factors are considered to influence AA are considered as the main cause of it. In this study it is estimated that glucose level in body may stimulate the AA. Insulin and glucagon are the two hormones which regulate the level of glucose in the body. Level of glucose in the body is check simply by urine test known as dipstick process. It was found that there is no affect of presence of glucose in urine with intense hair fall. As only 10% individuals show positive result.

Oxidative stress is an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species are recognized as agents involved in the pathogenesis of sicknesses such as asthma, inflammatory arthropathies, diabetes, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, cancers as well as atherosclerosis. Reactive oxygen species are also said to be responsible for the human aging. Emblica officinalis (Amla) Belong to the Family of Euphorbiaceae, it is found natively in India. So in the present study we have determined the antioxidant activity or potential of the plant by inducing the free radicals in the animal model with the help of chromium (VI). Rats were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each and treated for four weeks i.e. 28 days as follows: Group I Served as normal control group received normal saline at a dose of 10ml/kg, Group II Served as Toxic Control group and was administered chromium 30mg/kg (30% V/V, 1.0ml/100kg) orally, Group III Served as a standard group and was administered LIV-52 in a dose of 56mg/kg orally, Group IV Served as a treatment control group and was administered herbal formulation (TIAM) in a dose of 250mg/kg orally and Group V Served as a treatment control group and was administered herbal formulation (TIAM) in a dose of 500mg/kg, Group III to V was given the herbal formulation 1 hr prior to the administration of the chromium (VI). In animals fed with both doses of ‘TIAM’ significant protection was observed against the chromium induced oxidative stress. The ‘TIAM’ inhibited the chromium induced increase in MDA levels and restore the intracellular antioxidant. Like GSH and catalase levels to that control. The ‘TIAM’ also protected the animals significantly from the hepatotoxicity induced by chromium is revealed by the decreased AST and ALT activity compared to the chromium (VI) treated animals. In the present investigation we concluded that the ‘TIAM’ possess a potent antioxidant activity.

The present study is aim to detect and quantify an aflatoxin namely B1, B2 (Aflatoxin produce blue colour), G1, G2 (Aflatoxin produce green colour) and AF M (Aflatoxin in milk) in milk, egg, banana and onion in locations (Bahri. Omdurman and Khartoum) in Khartoum State Sudan. The results reflect that AFB1 in onion in three locations in Khartoum State is high. AFB2 for egg and banana in three locations are detected, but in small amount. Egg, milk, onion and banana are free from AFG1 and AFG2. AFM in milk was detected in three locations in Khartoum State, in high amount.

The proximate, mineral, amino acids and anti-nutritional compositions of African star apples seeds was carried out; this sample seed was obtained from discards of plants and prepared for use by decocting, sun drying and grinding into powder. The proximate compositions (crude fats, proteins, ash, fibre, moisture, carbohydrate), minerals (potassium, calcium, iron and copper), antinutrients (oxalate, phytate and cyanide) as well as the amino acid contents were determined using standard methods. The fats yield of 3.05±0.01%, crude protein 4.33±0.06%, crude fibre 5.99±0.34%, carbohydrate content 60.74±0.47% and calories of 1219.04±0.02kcal/100g was obtained for the sample. The seed had 32.19±0.11, 16.00±0.03, 20.90±0.02 and 2.00±0.10 mg/100g of potassium, calcium, iron and copper respectively. The seed had high concentration of essential and non-essential amino acid, and values of anti-nutrient analyzed are below the standard acceptable limit and with this it can be consumed without any harm. In conclusion, the result suggest that consumption of African star apples seeds would contribute greatly towards meeting human nutritional requirement for normal growth and adequate protection against diseases arising from malnutrition.

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary); woody herb plant with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It has a potential pharmaceutical and economic impact. It is used as flavoring agent in cooking and used in industry as a natural antioxidant for food conservation. It has been reported to have diverse biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-HIV, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-thrombotic, hepatoprotective, and hypocholesterolemic effects and anti-inflammation. HPLC/PDA/MS/MS profile of Egyptian and Libyan rosemary led to identification of 65 phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid and its dimers and glycosides. In addition to lignans, phenolics diterpenes and flavonoids including aglycones, glycosides and methoxylated flavonoids. Moreover, our study showed that stems of both Egyptian and Libyan rosemary possess antioxidant and anticancer activities more than the leaves. The Libyan rosemary stems showed antioxidant and anticancer activities more than the Egyptian species. We can conclude that whole rosemary plant should be used in both pharmaceutical and food industries.