In vitro experiments have been conducted to study and investigate the infection mechanisms and the strategies of penetration invasion and colonization behavior of penicillium digitatum. Artificial inoculation with P. digitatum spores harvest firstly from growing colonies on Sabroid agar. The ability of P. digitatum to infect four citrus varities with same virulence after application three methods of artificial inoculation. Through cooling experiment we found the optimum growth temperature ranged between 25-27°C. Study the effect of depth and wound location on the previous citrus varities does not show any significant impact on infection behavior in varities sampled. After study natural micro-flora associated with tested fruits surface. Three types of bacteria are identified: Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus warneri. After artificial inoculation with Penicillium digitatum with inoculum density (10 the washed fruits speed infected compared with non - washed fruits with dispersal time about 12 hours. In test of three types of juice (Peel Juice - Sac Juice - Whole fruit), all tested juice from citrus varities studied showed P. digitatum growth with more rapidly on peel juice compared with other two types of juice extracts, which make ensure that the tested fungus was this obligate aerobic. Through intervene modulation to change acidic medium of studied fruits by inject two concentrations of apple vineiger and solution of sodium bicarbonate, solution of sodium chloride and sterile distill water as control showed that there is no role in prevent infection by Penicillium digitatum but just delaying infection time about five days by used solution of Sodium bicarbonate Na2HCO3.

The present study was to investigate the feasibility of using niosomes as a drug delivery system for Leucovorin. By entrapping the drug in niosomes, dose could be reduced. Niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique with the mixture of cholesterol and surfactant. Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release studies of Leucovorin niosomes were evaluated. From the results of the present Leucovorin experimental investigation, it may be concluded that formulation LNF 4 containing drug with 2:1 (surfactant: cholesterol) ratio was showing small vesicles size, high percentage of entrapment with the desired sustained release of Leucovorin.

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is broadly utilized as a plasticizer in various things, especially helpful contraptions, furniture materials, magnificence care items, and person care things. DEHP is non covalently bound to plastics and so, it'll channel out of these things after reiterated utilize, warming, and/or cleaning of the things. Due to the abuse of DEHP totally different things, it enters and sullies the environment through release from mechanical settings and plastic waste exchange targets. DEHP can enter the body through inner breath, ingestion, and dermal contact on a day by day present, which has raised a number of concerns around its security and its potential impacts on human thriving. The reason of this ponder was to explore Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) to initiate testicles antioxidant and protein exercises in grown-up male rabbits taking after verbal introduction (3 months). Ten male Modern Zealand white rabbit haphazardly into two bunches: (1): control bunch and (2): Rabbits were treated every day with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by gavage at a dosage of 500mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of DEHP deadly measurements. Treatment with DEHP resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in the activities LDH, of testes homogenates AST ALT and TBARS, while ALP, AcP, GSH, GPx, GST, SOD and CAT in testes homogenates was significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with control group.

Salvia viridis L. was first collected from (Telmayta) Libya. The species is an annual herb usually distributed at the field road sides. Morphological characteristics of leaves, calyxes, corollas and types of stamens are useful for sectional and specific delimitation in Salvia. In this study, micromorphological characteristics of the pollen and the nutlet of this species have been investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The pollen grains are hexacolpate, radially symmetrical, isopolar and suboblate. Their exine sculpturing is bireticulate. In addition, size, shape and ornamentation of nutlets and seeds are diagnostic.

This study aims to demonstrate the association between sleep disruptions induced stress in male mice and some physiological functions as well as antioxidant status, where sleep act as restorative process and its deprivations responsible for increasing metabolic disorders. A total 20 adult male mice divided into 2 groups the first 10 act as control, meanwhile, the second 10 exposed daily to sleep deprivation 5 weeks by gentle handling for 6 hrs starting from 7 a.m. Obtained results in sleep deprived group compared to control mice group showed decrease in RBCs, Hb, Ht%, insulin concentration, leptin and melatonin. Also SOD activity decline in concomitant with GSH and plasma iron concentration. But, this group showed significant increase in total leukocytes number, lymphocyte %, ACTH, corticosterone, ghrelin, MDA concentration and CAT activity in association with exceed total lipid and triacyglycerol (TG), IL-2, and IL-6. This study reveal that, sleep loss to mice by gentle handling may act as stressor leads to haematological abnormalities, metabolic disorders, and impair immunity and oxidative status in consequence to stress, physiological, biological, and biochemical mechanisms.